He did not share in the nostalgia for the Union that many of his fellows Southerners felt, believing that the South's flag should be completely different from that of the North. The three states with coasts along the Gulf (Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana) accounted for 39 flags in the survey. James B. Walton submitted a battle flag design essentially identical to Miles' except with an upright Saint George's cross, but Beauregard chose the diagonal cross design.[41]. [15], A monument in Louisburg, North Carolina, claims the "Stars and Bars" "was designed by a son of North Carolina / Orren Randolph Smith / and made under his direction by / Catherine Rebecca (Murphy) Winborne. As might be expected 2 of the flags from Virginia (the eighth state to join the Confederacy) bear seven stars around a larger center star, and 2 of the flags from North Carolina (the tenth Confederate state) bear ten stars. -"Letter from Richmond" by the Richmond correspondent of the, Journal of the Confederate Congress, Volume 6, p.477, John D. Wright, The Language of the Civil War, p.284, Healy, Donald T.; Orenski, Peter J. This action piqued the interest of other members of the Foundation, reenactment groups and family members. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." The flag adopted by the delegates to the Louisianas secession convention in January of 1861 represented Louisianas historical roots. It existed in a variety of dimensions and sizes, despite the CSN's detailed naval regulations. To this end, he proposed his own flag design featuring a blue saltire on white Fimbriation with a field of red. (2016). Generals Beauregard and Johnston and Quartermaster General Cabell approved the 12-star Confederate Battle Flag's design at the Ratcliffe home, which served briefly as Beauregard's headquarters, near Fairfax Court House in September 1861. The "Stars and Bars" flag was adopted on March 4, 1861, in the first temporary national capital of Montgomery, Alabama, and raised over the dome of that first Confederate capitol. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. and the later Sons of Confederate Veterans, (S.C.V. Marschall also designed the Confederate army uniform. After the former was changed in 2001, the city of Trenton, Georgia has used a flag design nearly identical to the previous version with the battle flag. Flag flown by Confederate Missouri regiments during the Vicksburg campaign. But once Reconstructionended in 1877, white Southerners hastened to restore what they saw as their rightful place at the top of a racially segregated social order. The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. Blue Collar. The first national flag of the Confederacy with thirteen stars was used until May 1, 1863. South Carolina, which had defiantly flown the banner at its capitol for years,retired it that year, and multiple retailers stopped selling merchandise featuring the flag now labeled ahate symbol by the Anti-Defamation League. Hundreds of proposed national flag designs were submitted to the Confederate Congress during competitions to find a First National flag (FebruaryMay 1861) and Second National flag (April 1862; April 1863). Our Stars and Bars flags are made from 100% Dupont Solar-Max nylon material or 100% cotton. [43], The Army of Northern Virginia battle flag assumed a prominent place post-war when it was adopted as the copyrighted emblem of the United Confederate Veterans. How did this mountain lion reach an uninhabited island? When does spring start? This particular battle ensign was the only example taken around the world, finally becoming the last Confederate flag lowered in the Civil War; this happened aboard the commerce raider CSS Shenandoah in Liverpool, England, on November 7, 1865. Activist and filmmaker Brittany "Bree" Newsome climbed a 30-foot pole outside of the South Carolina state capitol to remove the Confederate flag weeks after a shooting at a predominantly Black Charleston church in 2015. Realizing that they quickly needed a national banner to represent their sovereignty, the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States set up the Committee on Flag and Seal. View. It was designed by Prussian-American artist Nicola Marschall in Marion, Alabama, and is said to resemble the Flag of Austria, with which Marschall would have been familiar. The Stars and Bars, which the Confederate Congress had adopted in March 1861 because it resembled the once-beloved Stars and Stripes, proved impractical and even dangerous on the battlefield because of that resemblance. Was there a cavalry size Army of Northern Virginia battle flag? These Confederate national colors seem to have measured 4 feet on their hoist by 5 1/2 feet on the fly. It is commonly referred to as the Rebel Flag, and often mistakenly called the Stars & Bars. Why do people still fly the Confederate flag? - BBC News Unit abbreviations on two of the surviving flags were applied with separately cut and applied red cotton letters. Confederate Memorial Hall is a museum located in New Orleans, Louisiana containing historical artifacts related to the Confederate States of America and the American Civil War. Newsome was arrested, but state officials voted to remove the flag from the building the following month. The red Saint Georges cross is symbolic of the Episcopal church of which Gen. Polk was Bishop of Louisiana. The First National Flag -- Stars and Bars May 4, 1861 - May 1, 1863 The Confederate States of America solicited designs for a national flag early in 1861. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. He also argued that the diagonal cross was "more Heraldric [sic] than Ecclesiastical, it being the 'saltire' of Heraldry, and significant of strength and progress. The Republic was short lived and soon dissolved. It was flying above the Confederate batteries that first opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor, in South Carolina beginning the Civil War. Confederate Flag Meaning - Historyplex Email. Moise liked the design but asked that "the symbol of a particular religion not be made the symbol of the nation." Choose from a wide range of high quality 4K or HD videos and footage. It is historically also known as Memorial Hall. Four camp colors or flank markers accompanied each of these national colors. Van Dorn was relieved of command after the Battle of Corinth in 1862. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Some of the homages were outright mimicry, while others were less obviously inspired by the Stars and Stripes, yet were still intended to pay homage to that flag. It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." Stars and Bars (final version) When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, they flew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. Because of the large number of Tennessee regiments in this corps the flag is sometimes referred to as the Tennessee Moon flag. 1861 until 1 May 1863. "[32], Regardless of who truly originated the Stainless Banner's design, whether by heeding Thompson's editorials or Beauregard's letter, the Confederate Congress officially adopted the Stainless Banner on May 1, 1863. Three of the flags from Alabama units bore a circle of seven stars. Though inextricably linked with the Confederacy, the flag was never its official symbol. STARS AND BARS Images of 13 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. In 1989 friends of Memorial Hall paid for the conservation of a Confederate Battle Flag given to the museum by Rene Beauregard, son of General PGT Beauregard. There are over 140 flags in the collection of Memorial Hall, most of which are from Louisiana regiments. Adult Admission: Adult $10.00 Children (under the age of 14) $5:00. STARS AND BARS Images of 8, 9 and 10 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. This is the First National Flag of the Confederacy, the Stars and Bars. The first national flag of the Confederate States of America was created in 1861 and had seven stars to represent the breakaway states of South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,. The Stars and Bars served as the first national flag of the Confederate States of America from 4 Mar. To remedy this inadequacy, General Beauregard caused a number of Confederate 1st national flags to be made from the bunting that had been seized at the former Gosport U.S. Navy Yard near Portsmouth, Virginia. It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". Many restored flags are always on display. Although the officially specified proportions were 1:2, many of the flags that actually ended up being produced used a 1.5:1 aspect ratio. Miles received various feedback on this design, including a critique from Charles Moise, a self-described "Southerner of Jewish persuasion." The garrison flag of the Confederate forces When rebels fired on Fort Sumter in April 1861, theyflew a blue banner with a single white star called the Bonnie Blue Flag. Introduction: National Flags of the Confederacy . Gen. Earl Van Dorn adapted a red banner with stars and crescent moon as the battle flag for his command. Currently 24 Flags are on display, while 9 conserved flags await framing, and several others are being considered for conservation. Quick View. Isnt the Rectangular battle flag really the Navy Jack? This new flag spread quickly in use across the South, even beyond the borders of the seven States of the CSA. The first official flag of the Confederacy, called the " Stars and Bars ," was flown from March 5, 1861, to May 26, 1863. The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. "[40], According to Coski, the Saint Andrew's Cross (also used on the flag of Scotland as a white saltire on a blue field) had no special place in Southern iconography at the time. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) The union blue extending down through the white space and stopping at the lower red space. [58] A July 2021 Politico-Morning Consult poll of 1,996 registered voters reported that 47% viewed it as a symbol of Southern pride while 36% viewed it as a symbol of racism. Our acid dye process saturates right through the flag producing deep and vivid colors that never crack or peel. So Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard decided that he needed to design a different national flag so that it would . The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. Efforts to memorialize the Confederate dead also began as soon as the war ended, but they ballooned as white Southerners reclaimed their power after Reconstruction. "Southern Confederacy" (Atlanta, Georgia), 5 Feb 1865, pg 2. In 2000, the flag over the state house was removed, at the . The . The Southern Cross symbolized rebelliousness,writes historian John M. Koskibut now it gained a more specific connotation of resistance to the civil rights movement and to racial integration.. The battle flag was also featured in the state flags of Georgia and Mississippi, although it was removed by the former in 2003 and the latter in 2020. Miles had already designed a flag that later became known as the Confederate Battle Flag, and he favored his flag over the "Stars and Bars" proposal. The First National Flag of the Confederate States of America, 13 Stars and Bars Flag was used during the Civil War. While no standard proportions or sizes prevailed nationwide in the Confederate States of America, a survey of 112 identified company or regimental flags from the cis-Mississippi states that conform to the pattern of the Confederate 1st national flag does indicate that several regional variations do predominate. There were three bars on the flag, two red and one white, and thus the popular name "Stars and Bars." First Flag of the Confederate States of America, March 4, 1861 The seven stars represent the seven original states: South Carolina; Mississippi; Florida; Alabama; Georgia; Louisiana and Texas. Its continued use by the Southern Army's post-war veteran's groups, the United Confederate Veterans (U.C.V.) The second national flag was later adapted as a naval ensign, using a shorter 2:3 aspect ratio than the 1:2 ratio adopted by the Confederate Congress for the national flag. Thereafter, the number of stars continued to increase until Tennessee gained her seat as the 11th State on 2 July 1861. Segregation and oppressiveJim Crow laws soon disenfranchised Black Southernersand members of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized them. Even though the national flag changed in 1863, this flag saw continued use until 1865. June 14, 2020. Quick View. William Porcher Miles, however, was not really happy with any of the proposals. The Congress inspected two other finalist designs on March 4: One was a "Blue ring or circle on a field of red", while the other consisted of alternating red and blue stripes with a blue canton containing stars. 1st National Confederate Flag 7 Star Stars and Bars Confederate 1st National Cotton Flag 4 x 6 ft. $ 109.95. Most contemporary interpretations of the white area on the flag hold that it represented the purity of the secessionist cause. March 4, 1861 The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted. Congressional, Richmond, 4 Feb: A bill to establish the flag of the Confederate States was adopted without opposition, and the flag was displayed in the Capitol today. On the border of Fairfax, Beverly Grove, and La Brea, Blue Collar serves up Art Deco and noir vibes. Congress did not adopted a formal Act codifying this flag, but it is described in the Report of the Committee on Flag and Seal, in the following language: The flag of the Confederate States of America shall consist of a red field with a white space extending horizontally through the center, and equal in width to one-third the width of the flag. Thompson stated in April 1863 that he disliked the adopted flag "on account of its resemblance to that of the abolition despotism against which we are fighting."[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. "[11], The flag is also known as the Stainless Banner, and the matter of the person behind its design remains a point of contention. The design of the Stars and Bars varied . [16], One of the first acts of the Provisional Confederate Congress was to create the Committee on the Flag and Seal, chaired by William Porcher Miles, a Democratic congressman, and Fire-Eater from South Carolina. The Audience went wild, and the song was an instant success. How the Confederate battle flag became an enduring symbol of - History [48], The "Bonnie Blue Flag"an unofficial flag in 1861, The "Van Dorn battle flag" used in the Western theaters of operation, Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia or "Robert E. Lee Headquarters Flag", 7-star First national flag of the Confederate States Marine Corps, Flag of the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles, under General Stand Watie, The first battle flag of the Perote Guards (Company D, 1st Regiment Alabama Infantry). [49], Though never having historically represented the Confederate States of America as a country, nor having been officially recognized as one of its national flags, the Battle Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia and its variants are now flag types commonly referred to as the Confederate Flag. A Virginia Department of Historic Resources marker declaring Fairfax, Virginia, as the birthplace of the Confederate battle flag was dedicated on April 12, 2008, near the intersection of Main and Oak Streets, in Fairfax, Virginia. By the early 20th century, white Southerners had mythologized an imagined South that fought the war not to uphold slavery but to protect states rights and a genteel way of lifean idyll endangered by Northern aggression and interference. PD. Reviews on Bars With Darts in Brea, CA - Shady Nook, Squire's, The Blue Door Bar, Juke Joint Bar, The Bruery, A&C Billiards and Barstools, Brian's Original Sports Bar, Group Therapy Pub, Shotz Bar & Kitchen, Bigs Confederate National flag of Fort McAllister, Confederate National Flag captured from Fort Jackson, Battle flag of the 11th Mississippi Infantry Regiment used at Antietam, Surrender flag of Army of Northern Virginia. White supremacy's gross symbol: What the "the stars and bars" really 1863-1865 version of Confederate Flag. These two designs were lost, and we only know of them thanks to an 1872 letter sent by William Porcher Miles to P. G. T. Beauregard. In a Feb. 10 memo to its public affairs offices, the Defense Department said that having service members carry the U.S. flag horizontally or land it on the ground after a parachute jump is no . The Adopt-A-Flag Program was initiated. The chairman was William Porcher Miles, who was also the Representative of South Carolina in the Confederate House of Representatives. 1st National Confederate Flag - 13 Star - Stars and Bars - Cotton The battle flag of Gen. Polks Corps saw action from Shiloh through the final surrender of the Army of Tennessee. [18] The "Stars and Bars" was also criticized on ideological grounds for its resemblance to the U.S. flag. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars", used from 1861 to 1863; the "Stainless Banner", used from 1863 to 1865; and the "Blood-Stained Banner", used in 1865 shortly before the Confederacy's dissolution. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco, Naked mole rats are fertile until they die, study finds. First flag with 7 stars(March 4 May 18, 1861), Flag with 11 stars(July 2 November 28, 1861), Last flag with 13 stars(November 28, 1861 May 1, 1863), The Confederacy's first official national flag, often called the Stars and Bars, flew from March 4, 1861, to May 1, 1863. Protesters fought the symbol in public spaces and educational institutions. The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Stars and Bars, the name of the first national Confederate flag. From the heartland of the Confederacy (Tennessee and Kentucky) 18 identified flags were surveyed. It was never the official flag of the Confederacy. When the American Civil War broke out, the "Stars and Bars" confused the battlefield at the First Battle of Bull Run because of its similarity to the U.S. (or Union) flag, especially when it was hanging limp on its flagstaff. by the flag committee on March 4,1861. Stock photos, 360 images, vectors and videos. Though as compared to the Confederate Battle Flags, stars and bars were less known, this first flag was used as the official flag of the Confederacy from March 5, 1861, to May 26, 1863. On 4 March 1861 the Confederate States of America adopted its first national flag, the "Stars and Bars", and raised it over the dome of the temporary capitol in Montgomery, Alabama.. Note, this is not to be confused with the Confederate Battle Flag. When the Confederate States of America was founded during the Montgomery Convention that took place on February 4, 1861, a national flag was not selected by the Convention due to not having any proposals. Its a story of rebellion, racism, and disagreement over the true history of the Civil Warand as the controversy over its use during the Capitol riots shows, its divisive even 160 years after it was designed. Confederate Battle Flag | National Museum of American History The number remained 11 through the summer, but increased when Missouri and Kentucky were admitted to the CSA by Acts of Congress approved 28 November 1861 and 10 December 1861, respectively. [44][45][46], The fledgling Confederate States Navy adopted and used several types of flags, banners, and pennants aboard all CSN ships: jacks, battle ensigns, and small boat ensigns, as well as commissioning pennants, designating flags, and signal flags. Lightboxes. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. "The present one is universally hated. After the war, this design was adopted as the official flag of the United Confederate Veterans and today most people refer to as The Confederate Flag. In 2000, the NAACP began a 15-year-long economicboycott of South Carolina because of its use of the flag. President Jefferson Davis' inauguration took place under the 1861 state flag of Alabama, and the celebratory parade was led by a unit carrying the 1861 state flag of Georgia. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. Copy link. 2nd National Confederate Flag 2nd National Confederate Flag - Cotton 12 x 18 inch The final version of the second national flag, adopted May 1, 1863, did just this: it set the St. Andrew's Cross of stars in the Union Jack with the rest of the civilian banner entirely white. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. STARS AND BARS Images of Lone Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. (Physical symbols of white supremacy are coming down. Patroitism is Not a Pejorative : This ain't Hell, but you can see it This flag was known as the 'Stars and Bars', though ironically the Stars and Bars have a completely different design as compared, to the rectangular Confederate flag. In the early summer of 1861, the army was renamed the Army of Northern Virginia (ANV) commanded by Gen. R.E. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at Fairfax Station soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. One More Step . ", The square "battle flag" is also properly known as "the flag of the Army of Northern Virginia". The Confederate War Department chose two similar sized flags for the forts that came under their control as a result of secession. Due to the flag's resemblance to one of truce, some Confederate soldiers cut off the flag's white portion, leaving only the canton.[33]. [53] The "rebel flag" is considered by some to be a highly divisive and polarizing symbol in the United States. Its meaning has been a taboo for generations in the USA, as many believe it represents 'White Supremacy', pro-racism, slavery and hatred. This would serve to show the world the South was truly sovereign. But it didnt look like that from a distanceand in the thick of battle, it was hard to tell the two apart. By Devereaux D. Cannon, Jr. 25 January 2000. However, when the war started, the Stars and Bars confused the battlefield. The thirteen stars stand for the thirteen states that were part of the Confederacy. The Confederate "Stars & Bars" Is Still the Flag of One US State Flag officially used: September 1860 Summer, 1861, George P. Gilliss flag, also known as the Biderman Flag, the only Confederate flag captured in California (Sacramento). 13 Stars and Bars Flag - Confederate - First National Flag - CSA [18] He turned to his aide, who happened to be William Porcher Miles, the former chairman of the Confederate Congress's Committee on the Flag and Seal. Smith, Louisburg", University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, "The Declarations of Causes of Seceding States", "Confederate battle flag: Separating the myths from facts", "Letter of Beauregard to Villere, April 24, 1863", "Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag", 37 New Historical Markers for Virginia's Roadways, "2008 Virginia Marker Dedication: Birthplace of the Confederate Battle Flag", North & South The Official Magazine of the Civil War Society, "Why the Confederate Flag Made a 20th Century Comeback", "Confederate flag removed: A history of the divisive symbol", "Trump keeps fighting a Confederate flag battle many supporters have conceded", "Majority Of Southerners Now View The Confederate Flag As A Racist Symbol, Poll Finds", "What the Confederate flag means in America today", "American Electorate Continues to Favor Leaving Confederate Relics in Place", "National Tracking Poll #2107045 / July 09-12, 2021 / Crosstabulation Results", Active autonomist and secessionist movements, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flags_of_the_Confederate_States_of_America&oldid=1142855463, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Articles with incomplete citations from July 2020, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Wikipedia articles with style issues from July 2022, Pages using infobox flag with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Articles needing additional references from September 2021, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by Dr. H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861. Stars and Bars (First National Flag) image by Wayne J. Lovett, 24 June 2001 The flag which first flew over Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, SC in 1861. The largely residential area and its neighbors still have excellent bars to choose from that cater to different scene preferences. For use of Confederate symbols in modern society and popular culture, see, Flags of the Confederate States of America. The Truth About Confederate History: Part 1 | Snopes.com STARS AND BARS Images of the first Confederate national flag with more than 13 stars. Stars and Bars flag: Confederate States of America - CRW Flags [37] Also, Confederate regiments carried many other flags, which added to the possibility of confusion. That flag was a blue St George's Cross (an upright or Latin cross) on a red field, with 15 white stars on the cross, representing the slave-holding states,[38][39] and, on the red field, palmetto and crescent symbols. HistorianWilliam Sturkey, an associate professor at the University of North Carolina and author of Hattiesburg: An American City in Black and White, says that racists turn to the symbol again and again when they feel embattled and threatened.
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